CHEYENNE, Wyo. — Interior Secretary Sally Jewell revealed plans Thursday to preserve habitat in 10 Western states for an imperiled ground-dwelling bird, the federal government’s biggest land-planning effort to date for conservation of a single species.
The proposal would affect energy development. The regulations would require oil and gas wells to be clustered in groups of a half-dozen or more to avoid scattering them across habitat of the greater sage grouse. Drilling near breeding areas would be prohibited during mating season, and power lines would be moved away from prime habitat to avoid serving as perches for raptors that eat sage grouse.
Some will say the plans don’t go far enough to protect the bird, Jewell said.
“But I would say these plans are grounded in sound science — the best available science,” she said at a news conference on a ranch near Cheyenne.
Sage grouse are chicken-sized birds that inhabit grass and sagebrush ecosystems in 11 states from California to the Dakotas. The rules would not apply to a relatively small area of habitat in Washington state. The bird’s numbers have declined sharply in recent decades, and some environmentalists warn they are at risk of extinction.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service faces a court-ordered deadline of Sept. 30 to decide whether the greater sage grouse needs protection as a threatened or endangered species. Many Western lawmakers and representatives of the oil-and-gas and agriculture industries say a threatened or endangered listing would devastate the region’s economy.
Congress voted late last year to withhold funding to implement any listing until September 2016. Other measures pending before U.S. lawmakers aim to postpone any federal listing for five years or more as states develop their own plans for conserving habitat.
Republicans in Congress criticized the plans as federal overreach.
“This is just flat out wrong,” said U.S. Rep. Rob Bishop of Utah, chairman of the House Natural Resources Committee. “The state plans work. This proposal is only about controlling land, not saving the bird.”
But Wyoming shows that sage grouse and energy development can co-exist, Jewell said. It is a top oil, natural gas and coal producer with a sage grouse conservation strategy being copied by other states and the federal government.
“There is no future for our economy if we don’t take care of the sage grouse,” said Wyoming Gov. Matt Mead, a Republican who took part in the announcement. “That’s a fact. Some like it, some don’t.”
Several environmental groups welcomed the plans.
“The sage grouse’s listing under the Endangered Species Act is an outcome from which no one stands to gain, least of all public lands sportsmen,” said Land Tawney, executive director of Backcountry Hunters and Anglers.
In what some environmentalists view as an accommodation to industry, the rules would not seek to block development across sage grouse habitat. The government still intends to honor valid and existing rights to develop resources on that land, the Interior Department said.
Even so, the Western Energy Alliance, a Denver-based petroleum industry advocacy group, pledged to support the federal legislation to postpone any sage grouse listing.
“The economic impact of sage-grouse restrictions on just the oil and natural gas industry will be between 9,170 and 18,250 jobs and $2.4 billion to $4.8 billion of annual economic impact across Colorado, Montana, Utah and Wyoming,” said Kathleen Sgamma, the alliance’s vice president of government and public affairs.
The U.S. Bureau of Land Management expects to adopt the new measures by late summer. They would apply to federal lands in California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming.
Federally identified habitat for the greater sage grouse across the Western U.S. totals an area about the size of Colorado. The Interior Department has classified about two-thirds of that range as priority habitat, including areas that could have restrictions on development.
Restrictions would vary between states. Wyoming, with as many as 500,000 greater sage grouse, is home to more of the birds than any other state by far.
Input from Montana Lawmakers
Republican Rep. Ryan Zinke:
“Once again the Obama Administration is undermining the authority of sovereign states to manage our own land, resources, and wildlife with one of their signature ‘Washington knows best’ plans. In Montana alone, the BLM is flexing its bureaucratic muscle over an area nearly the size of the states of Connecticut and Massachusetts combined in order to conserve populations of a bird that they admit they don’t even know what a healthy population would be. I support a state-based plan that gives local stakeholders a seat at the table. From ObamaCare to the EPA’s anti-coal rules, to Waters of the U.S., it is clear the people of Montana cannot trust the Administration to act in our state’s best interest. The era of Washington knows best has to end now.”
Republican Sen. Steve Daines:
“We can’t protect the greater sage-grouse in a checkerboard-like fashion — after all, the bird can’t tell the difference between federal, state and private lands. I have serious concerns that the Obama administration’s land-use plans will have a detrimental impact on Montana’s economy, our land users and Montanans’ way of life. It’s the people of Montana, not federal bureaucrats from Washington, D.C., who know best how to manage our state’s resources, land and wildlife. The Obama administration should implement Montana’s plan, which best addresses our state’s unique needs and can protect the greater sage-grouse, rather than forcing another Washington-driven, one-size-fits-none policy on Montanans.”